Navigating the Dilemma of Early Autism Diagnosis: Challenges Faced by Parents in Kuwait and Implications for Timely Intervention.

Abstract
This study explores the barriers to early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) faced by parents in Kuwait. Utilizing a multi-case study methodology, three families with children aged four to six years were examined to gain a deep understanding of the emotional, financial, and systemic challenges encountered during the diagnostic process. Semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis were employed to collect detailed data, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Key themes emerged, including diagnostic delays, inconsistent evaluations, emotional distress, and financial burdens. Parents reported a fragmented diagnostic system, where multiple departments and long waiting lists delayed formal diagnosis, complicating access to necessary early interventions. The emotional strain of navigating this uncertain period, coupled with cultural stigma and a lack of support, significantly impacted families. Financially, parents often resorted to expensive private therapies, further adding to the pressure. The discussion highlights the need for a centralized diagnostic system, improved public awareness, and expanded financial support for therapies like Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). The study suggests that integrating emerging technologies, such as machine-learning algorithms for behavioral assessment, could streamline diagnosis and reduce delays, but cultural and systemic barriers must be addressed. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that systemic reforms are critical to improving the ASD diagnostic experience for Kuwaiti families, ensuring timely access to interventions and reducing the emotional and financial burden.